// ASM.CPP v1.0b
// (c) 1993 Frank Bruno
// all rights reserved
// Part of a project for Professor Chang
// Partial fulfillment for the degree of
// M.S.E.E.
// This program is written in C++ for the Borland C++ 3.1
// Compiler, although it may be portable to other C++ compilers
// or environments
// includes
#include <iostream.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <conio.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <string.h>
// prototypes
int hextoi(char orgval[3], int count);
int make_out(char *out, int input);
// main program
void main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
FILE *fp, *out_fp;
char buffer[80], op_str, temp_buf[4], **endptr;
char *buff_up, address[4], *c_ptr, arg2[5], out[17];
int temp, streams_closed, temp_var, i_flag, in_done, indirect;
int counter, char_count, done, i, add_count, in_char_count;
int org_count, end_count, var_count, line_num, in_line, org_val;
int when_count = 3;
unsigned int program[4096];
struct symbol // sybol table
{
char name[4]; // Variable Names
int address; // Variable Addresses
};
struct symbol Symbol[4096]; // Define 4096 symbols
// Print opening screen
clrscr();
cout << "\nBasic Computer Assembler\n";
cout << "(c) 1993 Frank Bruno, All rights reserved\n";
// check to be sure of the proper command line
if (argc <= 2) // Not the proper number of arguments
{
cout << "Usage:\n";
cout << " ASM INFILE OUTFILE.VHD\n";
cout << " No Extension is assumed, so the assembler\n";
cout << " will process the INFILE given, if no\n";
cout << " 'ext' is defined, then none will be used.\n";
exit(1);
}
// This first section of code will parse the file specified in
// argv[1], and act as a first pass of the assembler
// First, we must open the file
fp = fopen(argv[1], "r");
if (!fp) // check if error opening file
{
cout << "Error opening file... " << argv[1] << " ...for read\n";
cout << "Terminating...";
exit(1);
}
// initialize global counters
org_count = 0;
end_count = 0;
var_count = 0;
line_num = 0;
in_line = 0;
// Get the data
while (fgets(buffer, 80, fp) != NULL) // read in data 1 line at a time
{
buff_up = strupr(buffer); // convert buffer to upper case
counter = 0;
in_line++;
char_count = 0;
done = 0;
// Main Parsing Section, Here we will ocate and define all variables
while (*(buff_up + counter) != '\0')
{
if (done == 0)
{
switch (*(buff_up + counter))
{
// A ',' indicates a variable definition
case ',':
if ((char_count > 3) || (char_count < 0))
{
cout << "Error on line number: " << in_line << ".\n";
cout << "Terminating....\n";
exit(1);
}
temp_buf[char_count] = '\0';
strcpy(Symbol[var_count].name, temp_buf);
Symbol[var_count].address = line_num;
char_count = 0;
var_count++;
done = 1;
break;
case ' ':
if (char_count == 3)
{
temp_buf[char_count] = '\0';
if ((temp_var = strcmp(temp_buf, "ORG")) == 0)
{
org_count++;
temp = 0;
counter++;
while ((*(buff_up + counter) >= '0') && (*(buff_up + counter) <= '9'))
{
address[temp] = *(buff_up + counter);
temp++;
if (temp > 3)
{
cout << "Address may only be represented by four Hex\n";
cout << "Digits or less. This error has forced termination\n";
cout << "Occured at line number: " << in_line;
exit(1);
}
counter++;
}
line_num = 0;
temp--;
line_num = hextoi(address, temp);
done = 1;
line_num--;
}
else if ((temp_var = strcmp(temp_buf, "END")) == 0)
{
end_count++;
}
else
{
char_count = 0;
}
}
break;
case '/':
if (counter == 0)
{
line_num--;
}
done = 1;
break;
default:
if (char_count > 3)
{
cout << "Error, word too long, on line number " << line_num << "\n";
exit(1);
}
temp_buf[char_count] = *(buff_up + counter);
char_count++;
break;
}
}
counter++;
}
line_num++;
}
// If no origin is specified, default to an org of 0
if (org_count == 0)
{
cout << "No origin Specified, Defaulting to org 0\n";
cout << "First Pass Complete, Symbol Table Built:\n";
exit(1);
}
// If no end specified, quit
if (end_count == 0)
{
cout << "No End Specified, Error in coding\n";
exit(1);
}
// Status the user
cout << "First pass complete.\n" << "Symbol Table Built.\n";
// output the variables
for (i = 0; i <= var_count - 1; i++)
{
cout << Symbol[i].name << ", " << Symbol[i].address << "\n";
}
cout << "\nSecond Pass...\n";
fclose(fp);
// Open file for output
out_fp = fopen(argv[2], "w");
if (!out_fp)
{
cout << "Error opening file " << argv[2] << " For output!";
cout << "Terminating...";
exit(1);
}
// Write out standard VHDL header info for testbench
fprintf(out_fp, "----------------------------------------\n");
fprintf(out_fp, "-- Basic Computer VHDL Testbench\n");
fprintf(out_fp, "-- Generated by the Basic Computer\n");
fprintf(out_fp, "-- Assembler by Frank Bruno\n");
fprintf(out_fp, "-- Original file: %s\n", argv[1]);
fprintf(out_fp, "----------------------------------------\n\n");
fprintf(out_fp, "ENTITY test_%s IS\n\n", argv[1]);
fprintf(out_fp, "END test_%s;\n\n", argv[1]);
fprintf(out_fp, "ARCHITECTURE beh_test_%s OF test_%s IS\n\n", argv[1], argv[1]);
fprintf(out_fp, "COMPONENT basic_comp\n");
fprintf(out_fp, "PORT(clock : IN bit;\n");
fprintf(out_fp, " load : IN bit;\n");
fprintf(out_fp, " start : IN bit;\n");
fprintf(out_fp, " reset : IN bit;\n");
fprintf(out_fp, " address_in : IN integer range 0 to 4095;\n");
fprintf(out_fp, " instr : IN bit_vector(15 DOWNTO 0);\n");
fprintf(out_fp, " inpr : IN bit_vector(7 DOWNTO 0);\n");
fprintf(out_fp, " fgi : IN bit;\n");
fprintf(out_fp, " ar : BUFFER bit_vector(11 DOWNTO 0);\n");
fprintf(out_fp, " ir : BUFFER bit_vector(15 DOWNTO 0);\n");
fprintf(out_fp, " tr : BUFFER bit_vector(11 DOWNTO 0);\n");
fprintf(out_fp, " dr : BUFFER bit_vector(11 DOWNTO 0);\n");
fprintf(out_fp, " i : BUFFER bit;\n");
fprintf(out_fp, " e : BUFFER bit;\n");
fprintf(out_fp, " ac : BUFFER bit_vector(15 DOWNTO 0);\n");
fprintf(out_fp, " ien : BUFFER bit;\n");
fprintf(out_fp, " outr : BUFFER bit_vector(7 DOWNTO 0);\n");
fprintf(out_fp, " fgo : BUFFER bit\n");
fprintf(out_fp, " );\nEND COMPONENT;\n");
fprintf(out_fp, " SIGNAL clock : bit;\n SIGNAL load : bit;\n SIGNAL start : bit;\n");
fprintf(out_fp, " SIGNAL reset : bit;\n");
fprintf(out_fp, " SIGNAL address_in : integer range 0 to 4095;\n");
fprintf(out_fp, " SIGNAL instr : bit_vector(15 DOWNTO 0);\n");
fprintf(out_fp, " SIGNAL inpr : bit_vector(7 DOWNTO 0);\n");
fprintf(out_fp, " SIGNAL fgi : bit;\n");
fprintf(out_fp, " SIGNAL ar : bit_vector(11 DOWNTO 0);\n");
fprintf(out_fp, " SIGNAL ir : bit_vector(15 DOWNTO 0);\n");
fprintf(out_fp, " SIGNAL tr : bit_vector(11 DOWNTO 0);\n");
fprintf(out_fp, " SIGNAL dr : bit_vector(11 DOWNTO 0);\n");
fprintf(out_fp, " SIGNAL i : bit;\n SIGNAL e : bit;\n");
fprintf(out_fp, " SIGNAL ac : bit_vector(15 DOWNTO 0);\n");
fprintf(out_fp, " SIGNAL ien : bit;\n");
fprintf(out_fp, " SIGNAL outr : bit_vector(7 DOWNTO 0);\n");
fprintf(out_fp, " SIGNAL fgo : bit;\n\nBEGIN\n\n");
fprintf(out_fp, " u1: basic_comp\n");
fprintf(out_fp, " PORT MAP(clock => clock,\n load => load,\n");
fprintf(out_fp, " start => start,\n reset => reset,\n");
fprintf(out_fp, " address_in => address_in,\n");
fprintf(out_fp, " instr => instr,\n inpr => inpr,\n");
fprintf(out_fp, " fgi => fgi,\n ar => ar,\n ir => ir,\n");
fprintf(out_fp, " tr => tr,\n dr => dr,\n i => i,\n");
fprintf(out_fp, " e => e,\n ac => ac,\n ien => ien,\n");
fprintf(out_fp, " outr => outr,\n fgo => fgo);\n\n");
fprintf(out_fp, " clock_gen:\n PROCESS\n BEGIN\n");
fprintf(out_fp, " clock <= '0' AFTER 40 ns;\n");
fprintf(out_fp, " WAIT FOR 40 ns;\n clock <= '1' AFTER 40 ns;\n");
fprintf(out_fp, " WAIT FOR 40 ns;\n END PROCESS;\n\n");
fprintf(out_fp, " PROCESS\n VARIABLE state : integer := 0;\n\n");
fprintf(out_fp, " BEGIN\n");
fprintf(out_fp, " WAIT UNTIL clock'EVENT AND clock = '1';\n");
fprintf(out_fp, " CASE state IS\n");
fprintf(out_fp, " WHEN 0 =>\n");
fprintf(out_fp, " reset <= '1';\n start <= '0';\n");
fprintf(out_fp, " state := 1;\n");
fprintf(out_fp, " WHEN 1 =>\n");
fprintf(out_fp, " reset <= '0';\n");
fprintf(out_fp, " load <= '1';\n");
fprintf(out_fp, " state := 2;\n");
fprintf(out_fp, " WHEN 2 =>\n");
// Open Input file again for input
fp = fopen(argv[1], "r");
if (!fp) // check if error opening file
{
cout << "Error opening file... " << argv[1] << " ...for read\n";
cout << "Terminating...";
exit(1);
}
// initialize global counters
org_count = 0;
end_count = 0;
line_num = 0;
in_line = 0;
// Get the data
while (fgets(buffer, 80, fp) != NULL) // read in data 1 line at a time
{
buff_up = strupr(buffer); // convert buffer to upper case
counter = 0;
in_line++;
char_count = 0;
done = 0;
// read in the file for parsing
while (*(buff_up + counter) != '\0')
{
if (done == 0)
{
switch (*(buff_up + counter))
{
case ',':
char_count = 0;
break;
case ' ':
i_flag = 0;
if (char_count > 3)
{
cout << "Word longer than 3 characters on line: " << line_num << "\n";
exit(1);
}
if (char_count > 0)
{
temp_buf[char_count] = '\0';
counter++;
in_done = 0;
indirect = 0;
in_char_count = 0;
if ((temp_var = strcmp(temp_buf, "ORG")) == 0)
{
if (org_count >= 1)
{
for (i = org_val; i < line_num; i++)
{
// output the testbench
fprintf(out_fp, " address_in <= %u;\n", i);
temp = make_out(out, program[i]);
fprintf(out_fp, " instr <= \"%s\";\n", out);
fprintf(out_fp, " state := %u;\n", when_count);
fprintf(out_fp, " WHEN %u =>\n", when_count++);
}
org_count = 0;
}
org_count++;
temp = 0;
//counter++;
while ((*(buff_up + counter) >= '0') && (*(buff_up + counter) <= '9'))
{
address[temp] = *(buff_up + counter);
temp++;
if (temp > 3)
{
cout << "Address may only be represented by four Hex\n";
cout << "Digits or less. This error has forced termination\n";
cout << " Occured at line number: " << in_line;
exit(1);
}
counter++;
}
temp--;
line_num = hextoi(address, temp);
org_val = line_num;
done = 1;
}
else
{
while (*(buff_up + counter) != '\0')
{
if (in_done == 0)
{
switch (*(buff_up + counter))
{
case '/':
in_done = 1;
break;
case 'I':
if (((*(buff_up + counter + 1) == ' ') || (*(buff_up + counter + 1) == '\0')) && (in_char_count == 0))
{
indirect = 1;
in_done = 1;
}
else
{
in_char_count++;
}
break;
case ' ':
if (in_char_count > 0)
{
arg2[in_char_count] = '\0';
}
in_char_count = 0;
break;
default:
arg2[in_char_count] = *(buff_up + counter);
in_char_count++;
break;
}
}
counter++;
}
if ((temp_var = strcmp(temp_buf, "END")) == 0)
{
end_count++;
for (i = org_val; i < line_num; i++)
{
// output the testbench
fprintf(out_fp, " address_in <= %u;\n", i);
temp = make_out(out, program[i]);
fprintf(out_fp, " instr <= \"%s\";\n", out);
fprintf(out_fp, " state := %u;\n", when_count);
fprintf(out_fp, " WHEN %u =>\n", when_count++);
}
// END of file coding
fprintf(out_fp, " load <= '0';\n");
fprintf(out_fp, " start <= '1';\n");
fprintf(out_fp, " reset <= '1';\n");
fprintf(out_fp, " state := %u;\n", when_count);
fprintf(out_fp, " WHEN %u =>\n", when_count);
fprintf(out_fp, " start <= '0';\n");
fprintf(out_fp, " reset <= '0';\n");
fprintf(out_fp, " state := %u;\n", ++when_count);
fprintf(out_fp, " WHEN OTHERS =>\n");
fprintf(out_fp, " END CASE;\n");
fprintf(out_fp, " END PROCESS;\n");
fprintf(out_fp, "END beh_test_%s;\n\n", argv[1]);
fprintf(out_fp, "CONFIGURATION config_%s OF test_%s IS\n", argv[1], argv[1]);
fprintf(out_fp, " FOR beh_test_%s\n", argv[1]);
fprintf(out_fp, " FOR u1: basic_comp\n");
fprintf(out_fp, " USE ENTITY work.basic_comp;\n");
fprintf(out_fp, " END FOR;\n");
fprintf(out_fp, " END FOR;\n");
fprintf(out_fp, "END config_%s;\n", argv[1]);
}
else if ((temp_var = strcmp(temp_buf, "DEC")) == 0)
{
program[line_num] = atol(arg2);
}
else if ((temp_var = strcmp(temp_buf, "HEX")) == 0)
{
program[line_num] = hextoi(arg2, (strlen(arg2)-1));
}
else if ((temp_var = strcmp(temp_buf, "AND")) == 0)
{
// set base operation number
if (indirect == 0)
{
program[line_num] = 0;
}
else
{
program[line_num] = 32768;
}
// set rest of instruction
if ((arg2[0] > 0) && (arg2[0] < 9))
{
program[line_num] += strtol(arg2, endptr, 16);
}
else
{
for ( i = 0; i <= var_count; i++)
{
if ((temp_var = strcmp(Symbol[i].name, arg2)) == 0)
{
program[line_num] += Symbol[i].address;
i = var_count;
}
else if (i == var_count)
{
cout << "variable not legal on line number ";
cout << line_num << "\n";
}
}
}
// code to implement
}
else if ((temp_var = strcmp(temp_buf, "ADD")) == 0)
{
// code to implement
// set base operation number
if (indirect == 0)
{
program[line_num] = 4096;
}
else
{
program[line_num] = 36864;
}
// set rest of instruction
if ((arg2[0] > 0) && (arg2[0] < 9))
{
program[line_num] += strtol(arg2, endptr, 16);
}
else
{
for ( i = 0; i <= var_count; i++)
{
if ((temp_var = strcmp(Symbol[i].name, arg2)) == 0)
{
program[line_num] += Symbol[i].address;
i = var_count;
}
else if (i == var_count)
{
cout << "variable not legal on line number ";
cout << line_num << "\n";
}
}
}
}
else if ((temp_var = strcmp(temp_buf, "LDA")) == 0)
{
// code to implement
if (indirect == 0)
{
program[line_num] = 8192;
}
else
{
program[line_num] = 40960;
}
// set rest of instruction
if ((arg2[0] > 0) && (arg2[0] < 9))
{
program[line_num] += strtol(arg2, endptr, 16);
}
else
{
for ( i = 0; i <= var_count; i++)
{
if ((temp_var = strcmp(Symbol[i].name, arg2)) == 0)
{
program[line_num] += Symbol[i].address;
i = var_count;
}
else if (i == var_count)
{
cout << "variable not legal on line number ";
cout << line_num << "\n";
}
}
}
}
else if ((temp_var = strcmp(temp_buf, "STA")) == 0)
{
// code to implement
if (indirect == 0)
{
program[line_num] = 12288;
}
else
{
program[line_num] = 45056;
}
// set rest of instruction
if ((arg2[0] > 0) && (arg2[0] < 9))
{
program[line_num] += strtol(arg2, endptr, 16);
}
else
{
for ( i = 0; i <= var_count; i++)
{
if ((temp_var = strcmp(Symbol[i].name, arg2)) == 0)
{
program[line_num] += Symbol[i].address;
i = var_count;
}
else if (i == var_count)
{
cout << "variable not legal on line number ";
cout << line_num << "\n";
}
}
}
}
else if ((temp_var = strcmp(temp_buf, "BUN")) == 0)
{
// code to implement
if (indirect == 0)
{
program[line_num] = 16384;
}
else
{
program[line_num] = 49152;
}
// set rest of instruction
if ((arg2[0] > 0) && (arg2[0] < 9))
{
program[line_num] += strtol(arg2, endptr, 16);
}
else
{
for ( i = 0; i <= var_count; i++)
{
if ((temp_var = strcmp(Symbol[i].name, arg2)) == 0)
{
program[line_num] += Symbol[i].address;
i = var_count;
}
else if (i == var_count)
{
cout << "variable not legal on line number ";
cout << line_num << "\n";
}
}
}
}
else if ((temp_var = strcmp(temp_buf, "BSA")) == 0)
{
// code to implement
if (indirect == 0)
{
program[line_num] = 20480;
}
else
{
program[line_num] = 53248;
}
// set rest of instruction
if ((arg2[0] > 0) && (arg2[0] < 9))
{
program[line_num] += strtol(arg2, endptr, 16);
}
else
{
for ( i = 0; i <= var_count; i++)
{
if ((temp_var = strcmp(Symbol[i].name, arg2)) == 0)
{
program[line_num] += Symbol[i].address;
i = var_count;
}
else if (i == var_count)
{
cout << "variable not legal on line number ";
cout << line_num << "\n";
}
}
}
}
else if ((temp_var = strcmp(temp_buf, "ISZ")) == 0)
{
// code to implement
if (indirect == 0)
{
program[line_num] = 24576;
}
else
{
program[line_num] = 57344;
}
// set rest of instruction
if ((arg2[0] > 0) && (arg2[0] < 9))
{
program[line_num] += strtol(arg2, endptr, 16);
}
else
{
for ( i = 0; i <= var_count; i++)
{
if ((temp_var = strcmp(Symbol[i].name, arg2)) == 0)
{
program[line_num] += Symbol[i].address;
i = var_count;
}
else if (i == var_count)
{
cout << "variable not legal on line number ";
cout << line_num << "\n";
}
}
}
}
else if ((temp_var = strcmp(temp_buf, "CLA")) == 0)
{
// code to implement
program[line_num] = 30720;
}
else if ((temp_var = strcmp(temp_buf, "CLE")) == 0)
{
// code to implement
program[line_num] = 29696;
}
else if ((temp_var = strcmp(temp_buf, "CMA")) == 0)
{
// code to implement
program[line_num] = 28184;
}
else if ((temp_var = strcmp(temp_buf, "CME")) == 0)
{
// code to implement
program[line_num] = 28928;
}
else if ((temp_var = strcmp(temp_buf, "CIR")) == 0)
{
// code to implement
program[line_num] = 28800;
}
else if ((temp_var = strcmp(temp_buf, "CIL")) == 0)
{
// code to implement
program[line_num] = 28736;
}
else if ((temp_var = strcmp(temp_buf, "INC")) == 0)
{
// code to implement
program[line_num] = 28704;
}
else if ((temp_var = strcmp(temp_buf, "SPA")) == 0)
{
// code to implement
program[line_num] = 28688;
}
else if ((temp_var = strcmp(temp_buf, "SNA")) == 0)
{
// code to implement
program[line_num] = 28680;
}
else if ((temp_var = strcmp(temp_buf, "SZA")) == 0)
{
// code to implement
program[line_num] = 28676;
}
else if ((temp_var = strcmp(temp_buf, "SZE")) == 0)
{
// code to implement
program[line_num] = 28674;
}
else if ((temp_var = strcmp(temp_buf, "HLT")) == 0)
{
// code to implement
program[line_num] = 28673;
}
else if ((temp_var = strcmp(temp_buf, "INP")) == 0)
{
// code to implement
program[line_num] = 63488;
}
else if ((temp_var = strcmp(temp_buf, "OUT")) == 0)
{
// code to implement
program[line_num] = 62464;
}
else if ((temp_var = strcmp(temp_buf, "SKI")) == 0)
{
// code to implement
program[line_num] = 61952;
}
else if ((temp_var = strcmp(temp_buf, "SKO")) == 0)
{
// code to implement
program[line_num] = 61696;
}
else if ((temp_var = strcmp(temp_buf, "ION")) == 0)
{
// code to implement
program[line_num] = 61568;
}
else if ((temp_var = strcmp(temp_buf, "IOF")) == 0)
{
// code to implement
program[line_num] = 61504;
}
else
{
cout << "Illegal Operand\n";
cout << "Error on line number " << line_num << "\n";
cout << "Terminating\n";
exit(1);
}
line_num++;
done = 1;
}
}
break;
case '/':
if (counter == 0)
{
line_num--;
}
done = 1;
break;
default:
if (char_count > 3)
{
cout << "Error, word too long, line number " << line_num << "\n";
exit(1);
}
temp_buf[char_count] = *(buff_up + counter);
char_count++;
break;
}
}
counter++;
}
}
exit(0);
}
// the subroutine make_out will take a decimal number and output
// a 16 bit binary number
int make_out(char *out, int input)
{
unsigned count = 0;
int i;
for (i = 15; i >= 0; i--)
{
if (input >= (count = pow(2, i)))
{
*(out + (15 - i)) = '1';
input -= count;
}
else
{
*(out + (15 - i)) = '0';
}
}
*(out + 16) = '\0';
return 0;
}
// hextoi will take a hex number of length count and output an integer
int hextoi(char *orgval, int count)
{
int current_val = 0; // current integer value
int temp; // count variable
for (temp = 0; temp <= count; temp++)
{
switch (orgval[temp])
{
case '0':
break;
case '1':
current_val += pow(16, (count - temp));
break;
case '2':
current_val += 2 * pow(16, (count - temp));
break;
case '3':
current_val += 3 * pow(16, (count - temp));
break;
case '4':
current_val += 4 * pow(16, (count - temp));
break;
case '5':
current_val += 5 * pow(16, (count - temp));
break;
case '6':
current_val += 6 * pow(16, (count - temp));
break;
case '7':
current_val += 7 * pow(16, (count - temp));
break;
case '8':
current_val += 8 * pow(16, (count - temp));
break;
case '9':
current_val += 9 * pow(16, (count - temp));
break;
case 'A':
current_val += 10 * pow(16, (count - temp));
break;
case 'B':
current_val += 11 * pow(16, (count - temp));
break;
case 'C':
current_val += 12 * pow(16, (count - temp));
break;
case 'D':
current_val += 13 * pow(16, (count - temp));
break;
case 'E':
current_val += 14 * pow(16, (count - temp));
break;
case 'F':
current_val += 15 * pow(16, (count - temp));
break;
default:
cout << "\nError in Assembler Subsystem: hextoi\n";
exit(1);
}
}
return current_val;
}
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